Java - find differences on two images (inverted absolute difference)

In this short article, we would like to show how to find differences on two images using Java.

To find differences on two images it is good to use absolute subtraction with inversion on two images. Let's suppose we have 2 images: A and B. The result image (C image) may be calculated using fomula: 255 - |B - A| = C.

Operation visualization:

Result interpretation:

White colors mean: pixels do not have difference. Black colors mean: pixels are totally different. Middle colors mean: there is some difference (smaller in direction to white, bigger in direction to black).

Practical example:

package com.example;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

public class Program {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedImage aImage = ImageIO.read(new File("a.png"));  // A image (input image)
        BufferedImage bImage = ImageIO.read(new File("b.png"));  // B image (input image)
        int aWidth = aImage.getWidth();
        int aHeight = aImage.getHeight();
        if (aWidth != bImage.getWidth() || aHeight != bImage.getHeight()) {
            throw new IOException("Input images doesn't have the same size.");
        }
        BufferedImage cImage = new BufferedImage(aWidth, aHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        for (int y = 0; y < aHeight; ++y) {
            for (int x = 0; x < aWidth; ++x) {
                Color aColor = new Color(aImage.getRGB(x, y));
                Color bColor = new Color(bImage.getRGB(x, y));
                Color cColor = new Color(255 - Math.abs(bColor.getRed() - aColor.getRed()), 255 - Math.abs(bColor.getGreen() - aColor.getGreen()), 255 - Math.abs(bColor.getBlue() - aColor.getBlue()));
                cImage.setRGB(x, y, cColor.getRGB());
            }
        }
        ImageIO.write(cImage, "PNG", new File("c.png"));  // C image (output image)
    }
}

Used resources

a.png file:

b.png file:

See also

1. Java - find differences on two images (absolute difference)