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JavaScript - Math.log10() method example

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Created by:
Aaron1
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The Math.log10() method returns the logarithm with base 10 of a number. 

// ONLINE-RUNNER:browser;

// Logarithm with base 10:
//                       x            y
console.log( Math.log10( 1    ) ); // 0
console.log( Math.log10( 3    ) ); // 0.47712125471966244
console.log( Math.log10( 10   ) ); // 1
console.log( Math.log10( 100  ) ); // 2
console.log( Math.log10( 1000 ) ); // 3

console.log( Math.log10( -1        ) ); //  NaN
console.log( Math.log10(  0        ) ); // -Infinity
console.log( Math.log10( +Infinity ) ); // +Infinity

The Math.log10() method is presented on the following chart:

Math.log10(x) function visualization - JavaScript Math Object.
Math.log10(x) function visualization - JavaScript Math Object.

1. Documentation

SyntaxMath.log10(x)
Parametersx - integer or float number value in the range 0 to +Infinity (primitive value).
Result

number value calculated as log_10(x) mathematical function (primitive value).

If x is negative it returns NaN.

If x is equal to 0 it returns -Infinity.

If x is equal to +Infinity it returns -Infinity.

Description

log10 is a static method that takes one parameter and returns an approximation of the log_10(x) mathematical function (logarithm with base 10). log10 is called a common logarithm.

Note: this method has been introduced in ES 2015.


2. Custom method implementation example

// ONLINE-RUNNER:browser;

if (Math.log10 == null) {
  Math.log10 = function(x) {
    /*
    1. Using logarithm definition:
    b^y = x <=> log_b(x) = y
    Where: b - base
    
    2. We can create system of equations:
    y = log_b(x)
    x = b^y
    
    3. Which can be expressed as:
    x = b^log_b(x)
    
    4. We can transform equation:
    log_10(x) = log_10(e^log_e(x)) = log_10(e) * log_e(x) = log_e(x) * log_10(e)
    
    5. It can be written in JavaScript:
    log_10(e) <=> Math.LOG10E 
    log_e(x) * log_10(e) <=> Math.log(x) * Math.LOG10E
    */
    return Math.log(x) * Math.LOG10E;
  };
}

// Usage example:
//                       x            y
console.log( Math.log10( 1    ) ); // 0
console.log( Math.log10( 3    ) ); // 0.4771212547196624
console.log( Math.log10( 10   ) ); // 1
console.log( Math.log10( 100  ) ); // 2
console.log( Math.log10( 1000 ) ); // 3

console.log( Math.log10( -1        ) ); //  NaN
console.log( Math.log10(  0        ) ); // -Infinity
console.log( Math.log10( +Infinity ) ); // +Infinity

3. Canvas plot example

// ONLINE-RUNNER:browser;

<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
  <style> #canvas { border: 1px solid black; } </style>
</head>
<body>
  <canvas id="canvas" width="400" height="400"></canvas>
  <script>
    
    var canvas = document.querySelector('#canvas');
    var context = canvas.getContext('2d');

    // logarithm chart range
    var x1 =  0;
    var x2 = 10;
    var y1 = -5;
    var y2 =  4;

    var dx = 0.005;

    var xRange = x2 - x1;
    var yRange = y2 - y1;

    function calculateLogarithm(base, x) {
        var a = Math.log(x);
        var b = Math.log(base);

        return a / b;
    }

    function calculatePoint(base, x) {
        var y = calculateLogarithm(base, x);

        // chart will be reversed horizontaly because of reversed canvas pixels

        var nx = (x - x1) / xRange;       // normalized x
        var ny = 1.0 - (y - y1) / yRange; // normalized y

        var point = {
            x: nx * canvas.width,
            y: ny * canvas.height
        };

        return point;
    }

    function drawChart(base, color, thickness) {
        var point = calculatePoint(base, x1);

        context.beginPath();
        context.lineWidth = thickness;
      	context.strokeStyle = color;
        context.moveTo(point.x, point.y);

        for (var x = x1 + dx; x < x2; x += dx) {
            point = calculatePoint(base, x);
            context.lineTo(point.x, point.y);
        }

        point = calculatePoint(base, x2);
        context.lineTo(point.x, point.y);
        context.stroke();
    }
    
    console.log('log_2(x)  <- red');
    console.log('log_e(x)  <- green');
    console.log('log_10(x) <- blue');
    
    //           base     color   thickness
    drawChart(      2, '#ff001b',       0.8 ); // red
    drawChart( Math.E, '#159600',       0.8 ); // green
    drawChart(     10, '#0000ff',       2   ); // blue

    console.log('x range: <' + x1 + '; ' + x2 + '>');
    console.log('y range: <' + y1 + '; ' + y2 + '>');

  </script>
</body>
</html>

References

  1. Logarithm - Wikipedia

Alternative titles

  1. JavaScript - Math.log10() documentation with examples
  2. js - Math.log10() method documentation with examples
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JavaScript - Math documentation (EN)

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