EN
JavaScript - how to use Monte Carlo method to calculate pi constant number?
6 points
Using JavaScript it is possible to calculate surface area (definite integral) in the following way.
Main idea of this method is to:
- random big amount of points
- check all time if every next one point is inside a circle or not,
- compute coefficient by dividing number of points inside of circle by outside one point
- multiply the coefficient by square surface area - this way from proportion it is possible to get approximated circle surface area,
- use transformed circle surface area formula to calculate
PInumber.
Note: the longer the simulation is performed, the results are more precised.
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<html>3
<head>4
<style>5
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#my-canvas { border: 1px solid gray; }7
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</style>9
<script>10
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function randomizePoint(range) {12
return range * (Math.random() - 0.5);13
}14
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// This method checks the point is inside circle16
// with center at (0, 0) point.17
//18
function checkCondition(circleRadius, pointX, pointY) {19
var pointRadius = Math.sqrt(pointX * pointX + pointY * pointY);20
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if (pointRadius <= circleRadius) {22
return true;23
}24
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return false;26
}27
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window.Drawer = function(canvas) {29
var context = canvas.getContext('2d');30
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var xCenter = canvas.width / 2;32
var yCenter = canvas.height / 2;33
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this.clearCanvas = function() {35
context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);36
};37
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this.drawPoint = function(x, y, color) {39
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var tmpX = Math.round(xCenter + x - 1);41
var tmpY = Math.round(yCenter + y - 1);42
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context.strokeStyle = '#fff';44
context.fillStyle = color || '#000';45
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context.fillRect(tmpX, tmpY, 2, 2);47
};48
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this.drawCircle = function(x, y, radius) {50
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var tmpX = Math.round(xCenter + x - 1);52
var tmpY = Math.round(yCenter + y - 1);53
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context.lineWidth = 0.5;55
context.strokeStyle = '#ff0000';56
context.fillStyle = '#fff';57
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context.beginPath();59
context.arc(tmpX, tmpY, radius, 0, 2 * Math.PI);60
context.stroke();61
};62
};63
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</script>65
</head>66
<body>67
<canvas id="my-canvas" width="300" height="300"></canvas>68
<script>69
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var canvas = document.querySelector('#my-canvas');71
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var drawer = new Drawer(canvas);73
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var squareArea = canvas.width * canvas.height;75
var circleRadius = 150;76
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var squarePointsCount = 0;78
var circlePointsCount = 0;79
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drawer.clearCanvas();81
drawer.drawCircle(0, 0, circleRadius);82
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function makeIteration() {84
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for(var i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {86
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// random coordinates from range -150 to +15088
var pointX = randomizePoint(canvas.width);89
var pointY = randomizePoint(canvas.height);90
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if (checkCondition(circleRadius, pointX, pointY)) {92
drawer.drawPoint(pointX, pointY, 'red');93
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circlePointsCount += 1;95
} else {96
drawer.drawPoint(pointX, pointY, 'silver');97
}98
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squarePointsCount += 1;100
}101
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// next iterations gives computation better precision103
// according to number of randomized points104
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var randomPointsProportion = circlePointsCount / squarePointsCount;106
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var computatedCircleArea = randomPointsProportion * squareArea;108
var computatedPI = computatedCircleArea / (circleRadius * circleRadius);109
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var computationError = Math.abs(Math.PI - computatedPI); 111
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console.clear();113
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console.log('PI number:');115
console.log(' Expected: ' + Math.PI);116
console.log(' Computed: ' + computatedPI);117
console.log(' Error: ' + computationError);118
}119
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setInterval(makeIteration, 100);121
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</script>123
</body>124
</html>