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HTML - how to add css to html?
19
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In this article we would like to show how to add styles to HTML code (how to add CSS to HTML).
Most commonly approaches are: using link tag, style tag and style attribute.
Quick popular solutions:
// 1. Link to stylesheet file
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css" />
// 2. Embeded style
<style>
body {
background: red;
}
</style>
// 3. Inline styles
<p style="font-size: 20px; color: brown;">Brown text ...</p>This article is like overview of different approaches with examples.
1. Link to stylesheet file example
index.htm file:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css" />
</head>
<body>
Red web page...
</body>
</html>styles.css file:
body {
background: red;
}Result:
2. Embed CSS (style tag) example
index.htm file:
// ONLINE-RUNNER:browser;
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
background: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Red web page...
</body>
</html>Result:
3. Inline styles example
index.htm file:
// ONLINE-RUNNER:browser;
<!doctype html>
<html>
<body style="background: red;">
<p style="font-size: 20px; color: brown;">
Red web page...
</p>
</body>
</html>Result:
4. Import of stylesheet file example
index.htm file:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
@import 'styles.css';
</style>
</head>
<body>
This is red web page...
</body>
</html>styles.css file:
body {
background: red;
}Result:
5. JavaScript CSS file injection example
index.htm file:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<p>This is red web page...</p>
<script>
var element = document.createElement('link');
element.addEventListener('load', function() {
document.body.innerHTML += '<p>Styles loaded!</p>';
});
element.addEventListener('error', function() {
document.body.innerHTML += '<p>Styles error!</p>';
});
element.setAttribute('rel', 'stylesheet');
element.setAttribute('href', 'styles.css');
document.head.appendChild(element);
</script>
</body>
</html>styles.css file:
body {
background: red;
}Result:
6. JavaScript Embed CSS (style tag) injection example
index.htm file:
// ONLINE-RUNNER:browser;
<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<p>This is red web page...</p>
<script>
var element = document.createElement('style');
element.appendChild(document.createTextNode('body { background: red; }'));
// appending another rules
document.head.appendChild(element);
</script>
</body>
</html>Result:
7. JavaScript inline styles example
index.htm file:
// ONLINE-RUNNER:browser;
<!doctype html>
<html>
<body id="page">
<p>This is red web page...</p>
<script>
var element = document.getElementById('page'); // or document.body
element.style.background = 'red';
element.style.color = 'brown';
//element.style.cssText = 'background: red; color: brown;';
</script>
</body>
</html>Result:
